However, the stilbene oligomers are present in very small amounts in plants, and the distribution of the stilbene oligomers in the plant kingdom is not wide but seems to be limited to specific plant families like Iridaceae, Moraceae, Orchidaceae, Polygonaceae, and Vitaceae despite their usage as dietary supplements or functional foods. Stilbene monomers or dimers have been well detected in the palatable fruits, such as mulberry ( Morus alba L.), bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.), and blueberry ( Caccinium corymbosum L.), and these fruits are being used as ingredients of dietary supplements or functional foods due to, in part, bioactivities of stilbenes contained in the fruits. These stilbene oligomers have been reported to possess many bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and metabolic disorder modulatory activities. The structural variety of stilbene oligomers is derived from either C–C or C–O–C bonds with two, four, six, or eight linkage points on monomeric stilbene units, and the stilbene oligomer formation is known to be easily mediated by oxidative couplings. Plant-derived stilbenes are recognized as secondary metabolites to protect host plants in the presence of exogenous stimuli or attacks, such as physical injury, UV irradiation, or pathogenic invasion. Stilbene is a class of natural polyphenols that can construct complex oligomeric structures. chinensis seed is a valuable source of stilbene oligomers with a human health benefit. Compound 10 was found to be active with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) values at 4.76 μM. All the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against influenza neuraminidase. chinensis seeds were quantified as 2.32 ( 3), 4.95 ( 6), and 1.64 ( 9) mg/g dry weight (DW). The contents of three major stilbene oligomers-trans-ε-viniferin ( 3), vitisin A ( 6), and vitisin B ( 9)-in I. Besides, to evaluate this plant seed as a rich source of stilbene oligomers, we quantified three stilbene oligomers of I. Of these, compounds 1 and 2 are previously undescribed stilbene dimer glycoside ( 1) and tetramer glycoside ( 2), respectively. Based on the annotated chemical profile, the isolation of stilbene oligomers was conducted, and consequently, stilbene oligomers ( 1- 10) were characterized. chinensis seeds was identified by combined MS/MS-NMR analysis. In this study, the chemical diversity of polyphenols in Iris lactea var.